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The 4th Battalion, 23rd Infantry was first constituted on 3 May 1861 in the Regular Army as Company D, 1st Battalion, 14th Infantry and organized on 8 July 1861 at Fort Trumbull, Connecticut. It was redesignated on 30 April 1862 as Company D, 2d Battalion, 14th Infantry. During the US Civil War, the unit participated in 12 campaigns: Peninsula, Manassas, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Virginia 1862, and Virginia 1863.
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